One of the best guides in the quest to move students from
the lower levels of thinking to the upper levels is Bloom's Taxonomy. Benjamin Bloom
developed this model of six levels of thinking back in the 1950's.
Knowledge-
the lowest level - is the simple recall of previously learned material,
Comprehension
- involves the ability to make sense of the material, Application
- is the ability to use the learned material in a new situation with a
minimum amount of help or direction,
Analysis
- is the ability to break material into its component parts so that its
structure may be understood, Synthesis
- is the ability to put parts together to form a plan that is new
to the learner, and Evaluation
- the highest level - involves the ability to judge the value of material
based on certain criteria. Six
different characters guide us through a story to introduce each type o
thinking and a series of activities to reinforce that type of thinking.
Isabel
the Inventor
and later
Yolanda
the Yarn
Spinner
introduce
Divergent Thinking which involves the upper three levels (analysis, synthesis, evaluation).
New insights and thoughts, which were
not a part of the original content, result. These three levels often
overlap each other. Divergent thinkers are able to list many responses to
questions or brainstorm many ideas. They are also very flexible thinkers
with original, off-beat, and humorous responses. These students can
elaborate or expand upon an idea, and sometimes display an advanced
vocabulary.
Max
the Magician
introduces Visual/Spatial Perception with
mental manipulation of shapes. Students with good visual/spatial
perception demonstrate a good memory for detail. They may not be as verbal
as their classmates, but enjoy activities involving hands-on building of
three-dimensional objects from two-dimensional drawings. These students
often respond best to visual images such as graphic organizers and
instructional computer programs.
Sybil
the Scientist using
analysis and
Dudley
the Detective using
logic introduce Convergent Thinking is
comprised of the lower three levels (knowledge, comprehension,
application). Information
learned at the first and second levels is brought together at the third
level and applied. Convergent thinkers intuitively see the correct answer.
They tend to see the interrelationships between clues and defer judgment
until all clues have been collected. Many times they will display outside
knowledge about a topic that will help them discover the correct solution.
Jordan the
Judge will help with
Evaluative Thinking.
Evaluative thinkers are able to evaluate and offer a solution that is
based on valid considerations. They are able to see more than one
viewpoint, understand considerations and support decisions or opinions