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The Density of Water

Grade: 9th and 10th
Subject: Experimental Methods
Curriculum Goal: To promote an understanding of density

Introduction:

You are all familiar with ice floating in your glass of water, but are you aware that ice is one of the few substances that is less dense as a solid than it is as a liquid. If water behaved as other substances do, the lakes would freeze from the bottom up in the winter. Ice skating would not exist as a sport. What makes ice (the solid form of water) so different from other substances? Why is ice less dense in the solid state than it is in the liquid state?

Task:

This quest challenges you to take on the role of the scientist researching the physical properties of water in different states to determine why ice floats. You will then present your findings at a general conference of scientists who are members of the International Federation of Water Chemists.

bulletSelect three members for each research team
bulletEach member of the team is a researcher.
bulletEach member will also assume one of the following roles for the presentation
bulletpresenter
bulletdemonstrator
bulletaudio-visual manager

Process:

Project at a glance:

bulletDo research to answer the question
bulletCollect text and images from your research
bulletPrepare a formal presentation on your findings to present to the class
bulletInclude charts, drawings, models, and demonstrations as a part of your presentation

Project in detail:
bulletEach member of the group is responsible for searching for information on the web and in the library.
bulletAfter reading all of the instructions, individual students will choose one of the following role:
bulletThe demonstrator is in charge of finding an appropriate experiment to show to the class
bulletThe audio-visual manager is in charge of making appropriate charts, graphs, drawings, etc.
bulletThe presenter is the person to present the project in a professional manner.
bulletDuring your research, you should save pictures, texts and other supporting material to a disc bulletYou can save information from web pages by highlighting and going to file "save as" to your own disc. bulletImages can also be saved by right-clicking on the picture and clicking "save as option" in the window. bulletAfter all of the presentations, take a moment to reflect : Were you able to answer the question in a manner that was meaningful to you? Were you able to quickly find the information that you needed? Did the project go as well as you hoped? Were there any frustrations for your group?

Resources:

Library Sources

Internet Sources: click here

Evaluation:
bulletThe grade of each group will depend on the effectiveness, professional demeanor, and quality of information presented in the presentation. The group presentation will account for 70% of the grade.
bullet20% of the grade for the group will depend upon a written report with all of the supporting evidence.
bullet10% of the grade for the group will depend upon a peer and self-evaluation. Click here. Evaluation Sheet

Conclusion:

Water has many other unusual properties. Life on Earth could not exist without water, but even more important Life could not exist if the two hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom bonded in a straight line in the water molecule rather than bonding at an angle. For those of you who are intrigued, try to find out why an angular shape for water promotes Life as we know it and a linear shape would not. This is worth 10 points of extra credit.

Authors: Jane Reed, Dale Pijut, Jennifer Krueger, Steve Schmidt
Created: 10-8-99

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                                Page Sponsor:  Crystal Steker
                                Page Content Author:  Melissa O'Hara
                                Date: 
11/13/2006